非法药物与心脏病
Most illegal drugs can have adverse cardiovascular effects, ranging from an abnormal heart rate to a heart attack. Injecting illegal drugs also can lead to cardiovascular problems, such as collapsed veins and bacterial infections of the blood vessels and heart valves.
许多药物, 比如可卡因, heroin and various forms of amphetamine, affect the central nervous system and can alter a user's consciousness. 除了上瘾, the side effects and risks for your heart associated with the use of these drugs include:
- Changes in body temperature, heart rate and blood pressure
- 添加物质的可能性, 比如滑石粉, 毒药, 除草剂或其他颗粒, 哪些可能引起毒性反应
- 高血压, 心律失常, 心肌病, 外周动脉疾病, increased blood clotting and arterial plaque formation
- Ischemia, heart attacks, other acute coronary events and stroke
- Increased mortality in those with preexisting cardiovascular disease
可卡因
“完美的心脏病药物”
Researchers have long noticed an association between non-fatal heart attacks and regular cocaine use in adults. Researchers — who called cocaine “the perfect heart attack drug” — showed how users had higher rates of multiple factors associated with higher risks of heart attack and stroke.
Research shows that cocaine users may have:
- Angina and reduced blood flow to the heart.
- Higher blood pressure, stiffer arteries and thicker heart muscle walls.
- Sharp rise in heart rate and an increased need for oxygen in heart muscle.
- 心脏组织损伤.
- 心脏感染.
All of these issues can lead to a heart attack, heart failure, stroke or aneurysm.
其他有风险的药物
阿片类药物
阿片类药物 are a class of drugs that are often prescribed to people as pain relievers, 比如羟考酮, 氢可酮, 可待因, 吗啡和其他药物. They also include the illegal drug heroin and synthetic opioids such as fentanyl.
All forms of opioids are highly addictive. Opioid-use disorder affects more than 2 million people in the United States. More than 80,000 people died due to opioid drug overdoses in the U.S. in 2021.
Using opioids through injection can lead to infective endocarditis, a serious infection of the heart lining, caused by needles that are shared or dirty. 阿片类药物 are also associated with cardiac arrest.
阿片类药物 such as morphine are sometimes used in the cardiovascular setting to reduce pain and anxiety. 然而, researchers are finding that there is also potential for prescribed opioids to adversely affect outcomes for patients with acute coronary syndrome. Recent data from 美国心脏协会 researchers suggests that opioid use may interfere with medications used to manage and treat cardiovascular disease and stroke.
其他值得关注的药物
安非他明, marijuana and ecstasy can also have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system.
- 安非他明, a class of drugs which includes methamphetamines, can be habit-forming and prone to abuse. The drugs stimulate the central nervous system (nerves and brain), which increases heart rate and blood pressure, 其他影响.
- 狂喜或MDMA是非法的. It is known as a synthetic "club drug" with stimulant and hallucinogenic effects. MDMA affects blood pressure and heart rate.
- 大麻 is the most commonly used federally illegal drug in the United States. Researchers are finding that most of the risks associated with marijuana use comes from smoking it. Smoking marijuana can make the heart beat faster and can make blood pressure higher immediately after use. It could also lead to an increased risk of stroke, heart disease and other vascular diseases.
